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  • Spreadsheet - Formulas

    Introduction to Formulas The main use of a spreadsheet is to automate calculations, which means using cells to perform operations based on values in other cells. The spreadsheet recalculates all the values each time a change is made to... Read more

    Spreadsheet
    March 15, 2018 at 03:55 PM

  • Partitioning a Hard Drive for Mac, Windows, and Linux

    Partitioning is the process of writing the hard drive sectors that will make up the partition table. It contains information on the partition, including sector size, position with respect to the primary partition, types of partitions... Read more

    Computer: maintenance
    February 21, 2020 at 09:45 AM

  • Structure of an Email (Headers and Bodies)

    An email has three basic parts. The first is the header, a set of lines containing information about the message's transportation, such as the sender's address, the recipient's address, or timestamps showing when the message was sent by... Read more

    Email
    June 14, 2018 at 01:55 AM

  • How Email Works (MTA, MDA, MUA)

    As simple as it is to use, email relies on a more complicated set of operating procedures than that of the Web. For most users, its operation is transparent, which means that it is not necessary to understand how email works in order to... Read more

    Email
    June 17, 2018 at 05:44 PM

  • WiFi Modes of Operation (802.11 or Wi-Fi)

    There are several kinds of hardware that may be used to implement a WiFi wireless network, including wireless adapters and access points. Wireless adapters, or network interface controllers (NICs for short), are network cards with the... Read more

    Wifi
    June 17, 2018 at 06:55 PM

  • Spreadsheet - Functions

    The Concept of a Function Spreadsheets generally have a large number of integrated functions for processing data. There are hundreds, categorised as follows: Arithmetic functions that offer basic tools to process numerical data... Read more

    Spreadsheet
    October 16, 2008 at 09:43 AM

  • PC Assembly

    A PC is a modular type of computer that can be assembled using hardware components made by different manufacturers. This allows you to have a custom-built computer that matches your specific needs. This article will explain to you the... Read more

    Computer: assembly
    June 22, 2018 at 01:52 AM

  • Types of Networks

    Different types of private networks are distinguished based on their sizes (in terms of the number of machines), their data transfer speeds, and their reach. Private networks are networks that belong to a single organization. There are... Read more

    Introduction to Networks
    June 14, 2018 at 01:48 AM

  • ASCII Code

    Data coding What is ASCII code? ASCII Character Chart Extended ASCII Character Chart EBCDIC code Unicode Data coding Morse code was the first code used for long-distance communication. Samuel F.B. Morse invented it in 1844. This code is... Read more

    Encoding
    November 12, 2012 at 12:40 PM

  • Motherboard

    Introduction to motherboards Characteristics Motherboard form factor Integrated components The chipset The CMOS clock and battery The BIOS The processor socket RAM connectors Expansion slots the input-output connectors. Introduction to... Read more

    Computer
    November 12, 2012 at 12:49 PM

  • Data Transmission - Transmission Modes

    A given transmission on a communications channel between two machines can occur in several different ways. The transmission is characterized by: tthe direction of the exchanges; the transmission mode, or the number of bits sent... Read more

    Data transmission
    June 17, 2018 at 06:38 PM

  • URL Manipulation Attacks

    The URL (Uniform Resource Locator) of a web application is the vector that makes it possible to indicate the requested resource. This article will show you how to protect yourself against URL manipulation attacks. The Makeup of a URL... Read more

    Attacks
    June 19, 2018 at 06:25 PM

  • PPP and SLIP Protocols

    The majority of people in the world, not having lines (cable or Ethernet) linked directly to the Internet, must use telephone lines, the most widely used network, to connect to the Internet. The connection is made using a modem, a... Read more

    Internet (protocols)
    June 22, 2018 at 02:01 AM

  • Introduction to Spreadsheet Concepts

    What is a Spreadsheet? A spreadsheet (or spreadsheet program) is software that permits numerical data to be used and to perform automatic calculations on numbers contained in a table. It is also possible to automate complex calculations... Read more

    Spreadsheet
    October 16, 2008 at 09:43 AM

  • Computer Bus - What Is It?

    In computing, a bus is defined as a set of physical connections (i.e. cables, printed circuits, etc.), which can be shared by multiple hardware components in order to communicate with one another. The purpose of buses is to reduce the... Read more

    Computer
    June 17, 2018 at 06:17 PM

  • Data transmission - Digital data transmission

    Introduction to digital transmission Digital transmission is the sending of information over a physical communications media in the form of digital signals. Analogue signals must therefore be digitised first before being transmitted.... Read more

    Data transmission
    February 6, 2018 at 05:42 AM

  • Representation of real numbers and integers

    Representing a number in a computer Representing (or encoding) a number means to express it in binary form. Representing numbers in a computer is necessary in order for it to be able to store and manipulate them. However, the problem is... Read more

    Encoding
    October 16, 2008 at 09:43 AM

  • Networking: 3-Tier Client/Server Architecture

    In client/server systems, there are several types of configurations. This article will get into 2-tier architecture and 3-tier architecture and explain the differences and the similarities of the two systems. 2-Tier Architecture 3... Read more

    Client/Server
    June 17, 2018 at 06:04 PM

  • Binary Encoding

    In the late 1930s, Claude Shannon showed that by using switches which that close for "true" and open for "false," it was possible to carry out logical operations by assigning the number 1 to "true" and 0 for "false." This information... Read more

    Encoding
    June 19, 2018 at 07:24 PM

  • Introduction to email

    What is email? Electronic mail (also known as email or e-mail) is one of the most commonly used services on the Internet, allowing people to send messages to one or more recipients. Email was invented by Ray Tomlinson in 1972. Why use... Read more

    Email
    October 16, 2008 at 09:43 AM