In the late 1930s, Claude Shannon showed that by using switches which that close for "true" and open for "false," it was possible to carry out logical operations by assigning the number 1 to "true" and 0 for "false." This information ... Read more
It is widely acknowledged today that new technologies, in particular access to the Internet, tend to modify communication between the different players in the professional world, notably: relationships between a business and its clients; ... Read more
Introduction to Client/Server Architecture Numerous applications run in a client/server environment, this means that client computers (computers forming part of the network) contact a server, generally a very powerful computer in terms of ... Read more
Replay attack "Replay" attacks are "Man in the middle" attacks that involve intercepting data packets and replaying them, that is, resending them as is (with no decryption) to the receiving server. As a result, depending on the context, ... Read more
Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (WMAN) A Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN) is also known as a Wireless Local Loop (WLL). WMANs are based on the IEEE 802.16 standard. Wireless local loop can reach effective transfer speeds of 1 ... Read more
Intranet An intranet is a set of Internet services (for example a web server) inside a local network, i.e. only accessible from workstations of a local network, or rather a set of well-defined networks that are invisible (or inaccessible) ... Read more
Representing a number in a computer Representing (or encoding) a number means to express it in binary form. Representing numbers in a computer is necessary in order for it to be able to store and manipulate them. However, the problem is ... Read more
A programming language is a language designed to describe a set of consecutive actions to be executed by a computer. A programming language is, therefore, a practical way for us humans to give instructions to a computer. Languages that ... Read more
The "Web," short for "World Wide Web" (which gives us the acronym www), is the name for one of the ways that the internet lets people browse documents connected by hypertext links. The concept of the Web was perfected at CERN (Conseil ... Read more
Introduction to Wi-Fi (802.11) The IEEE 802.11 specification (ISO/IEC 8802-11) is an international standard describing the characteristics of a wireless local area network (WLAN). The name Wi-Fi (short for "Wireless Fidelity", sometimes ... Read more
What is office automation? Office suite tools What is office automation? The term office automation refers to all tools and methods that are applied to office activities which make it possible to process written, visual, and sound data in ... Read more
The notion of a user Windows NT is an operating system which manages sessions, meaning that when the system is started, it is necessary to log in with a user name and password. When Windows NT is installed, the administrator account is ... Read more
ccmexec - ccmexec.exe The process ccmexec.exe (Microsoft SMS Agent Host ) is part of the Microsoft SMS (Systems Management Server) suite, which is mainly used to distribute software patches to the machines on a network. The file that ... Read more
What's an RJ45 plug? A network card may have several types of connectors, with the most common being: An RJ45 connector; A BNC connector (coaxial cable). The RJ-45 is the one which interests us here, as it it the most widely used. The ... Read more
DB25 plugs The DB25 (originally DE-25) connector is an analog 25-pin plug of the D-Subminiature connector family (D-Sub or Sub-D). As with the DB9 connector, the DB25 is mainly used for serial connections, allowing for the asynchronous ... Read more
Command Description dir lists the contents of a folder cd changes folder cd .. parent folder md or mkdir creates a new folder deltree deletes a folder and all sub-folders copy, xcopy copies a file move moves a file del deletes a file type ... Read more
Lack of security Radio waves intrinsically have the power to propagate in all directions, with a relatively wide range. Because of this, it is very difficult to keep radio broadcasts confined to a limited area. Radio propagation also ... Read more
History of Windows Windows is the operating system sold by the Seattle-based company Microsoft. Microsoft, originally christened "Traf-O-Data" in 1972, was renamed "Micro-soft" in November 1975, then "Microsoft" on November 26, 1976. ... Read more
