Introduction to Telnet Protocols and implementation Running Telnet Commands in Telnet Introduction to Telnet Telnet is a protocol for emulating a remote terminal, which means that it can be used to run commands entered on a keyboard at a ... Read more
Excel Introduction Microsoft Excel is the spreadsheet in the Microsoft Office office suite. To start it, simply click on the appropriate icon in the Start menu (in Windows) or click on an Excel file (that has an .xls file extension). A ... Read more
Standard Functions Function Description ABS() This function returns the absolute value of a number. It therefore returns the number, if it is positive, or the opposite (positive) if it is negative ODD(value) Rounds a number up to the ... Read more
Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN) A wireless personal area network (WPAN for short) is a low-range wireless network which covers an area of only a few dozen metres. This sort of network is generally used for linking peripheral devices ... Read more
The Concept of a Function Spreadsheets generally have a large number of integrated functions for processing data. There are hundreds, categorised as follows: Arithmetic functions that offer basic tools to process numerical data Statistical ... Read more
Introduction Meetings are a way of sharing, within a group of individuals, the same level of knowledge of a subject or a problem and of making decisions collectively. Additionally, decisions made collectively, with representatives of the ... Read more
Routers Routers are devices which make it possible to "choose" the path that datagrams will take to arrive at the destination. They are machines with several network interface cards each one of which is linked to a different network. So, ... Read more
The FAT16 file system The first file system to be used on a Microsoft operating system was the FAT system, which uses a file allocation table. The file allocation table is actually an index which lists the content of the disk in order to ... Read more
Quality Organization Establishing a quality procedure is a comprehensive business project that requires the participation of all employees. Therefore, it is necessary to define a "quality organization" that fits into and hinges on the ... Read more
HTML document An HTML page is a simple file containing text formatted with HTML tags. Traditionally, the file is given an .htm or .html extension, but a web page may have other extensions as well. A web page can be built from even the most ... Read more
Introduction to sound cards Sound card connectors Introduction to sound cards The sound card (also called an audio card) is the part of a computer which manages its audio input and ouput. ... Read more
Environment variables An environment variable is a dynamic value loaded into the memory that can be used by several processes operating simultaneously. On most operating systems, the location of some libraries or of the main system ... Read more
Introduction to attacks Any computer connected to a computing network is potentially vulnerable to an attack. An "attack" is the exploitation of a flaw in a computing system (operating system, software program or user system) for purposes ... Read more
Cathode ray tube monitor Most monitors (computer screens) use cathode ray tubes (or CRT for short), which are glass vacuum tubes into which an electron gun emits a flow of electrons guided by an electrical field towards a screen covered in ... Read more
Introduction to MIME MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) is a standard which was proposed by Bell Communications in 1991 in order to expand upon the limited capabilities of email, and in particular to allow documents (such as ... Read more
Introduction to SSL SSL (Secure Sockets Layers) is a process that manages the security of transactions made on the Internet. The SSL standard was developed by Netscape, together with Mastercard, Bank of America, MCI and Silicon Graphics. ... Read more
E-mail is considered as being the most widely used service on the Internet. So the TCP/IP protocol suite offers a range of protocols allowing the easy management of email routing over the network. The SMTP protocol The POP3 protocol The ... Read more
The concept of inheritance Inheritance is specific to object-oriented programming, where a new class is created from an existing class. Inheritance (often referred to as subclasses) comes from the fact that the subclass (the newly created ... Read more
Definition of polymorphism The word polymorphism comes from Greek and means having several different forms. This is one of the essential concepts of object-oriented programming. Where inheritance is related to classes and (their hierarchy ... Read more
