Advantages of a VPN The set-up of a virtual private network enables the secure connection of remote computers through an unreliable connection (Internet), as if they were on the same local area network. This process is used by a variety... Read more
Substitution cipher Substitution cipher involves replacing one or more entities (generally letters) in a message with one or more other entities. There are several types of substitution cryptosystems: Monoalphabetic substitution... Read more
Introduction to the EAI concept The purpose of EAI (Enterprise Application Integration) is the interoperability and organization of the flow of information between heterogeneous applications, i.e. ensure communcation between the... Read more
Introduction to Vi Despite its very limited ergonomics, Vi i is one of the most popular text editors texte under Unix type systems (with Emacs and pico). Under Linux, there is a free version of Vi called Vim (Vi Improved). Vi... Read more
The concept of encapsulation Encapsulation is a way of organizing data and methods into a structure by concealing the the way the object is implemented, i.e. preventing access to data by any means other than those specified.... Read more
Why set up a LAN? If you have several computers, it may be worthwhile to connect them in order to create a local area network (LAN). Setting up such a network is much less expensive than what you might think. Here are a few ways you... Read more
What does it mean "to flash"? The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is a small memory chip located on the motherboard containing data that defines the system parameters. The data may, however, contain errors (bugs). Furthermore, when new... Read more
S/PDIF format The S/PDIF standard ("Sony/Philips Digital Interface", or SPDIF for short) is a digital audio data transfer format. It is an international standard known as "IEC-958 type II", which defines both hardware specifications... Read more
Purpose The purpose of this article is to set up a network to enable data exchanges between computers, resource sharing and network games. Is it therefore necessary to install a network card in each computer that may be part of the... Read more
Netiquette Netiquette (a contraction of the words "Net" and "etiquette") refers to the set of rules governing correct behavior on the Internet, in order to respect others and be respected in turn. They serve as guidelines for civility... Read more
Using style sheets along with the and tags, you can specify the location of text or images down to the pixel. This is possible with versions 4 and higher of Netscape and Internet Explorer; however, the technique is still problematic and... Read more
The development of MS-DOS MS-DOS is the most well known operating system, the most commercialised version is that of Microsoft, christened "MS-DOS" (there are other versions such as DR-DOS). MS-DOS was created in 1981 when it was used... Read more
PS/2 connector The PS/2 connector (mini-DIN6 format) is mainly used to connect computers to keyboards and mice. Pins Pin number Function 1 DATA 2 Not Connected 3 Ground 4 Power, +5VDC 5 Clock 6 Not connected... Read more
The FTP protocol FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a protocol — meaning a standard language that lets two machines communicate — used so that computers of different types (or with different operating systems) can transfer files over a... Read more
Advantages If you have a LAN (two or more computers connected in a network, i.e., each has a network card), of which one is connected to the Internet (via a modem, cable, etc.), it may be worthwhile to make the Internet accessible to... Read more
Establishing a Quality Procedure Improving quality (reducing bad quality and improving work processes) in a company requires reflection by both the management and all the employees in order to define the reachable goals in terms of... Read more
What is the BIOS? Why optimize your BIOS? What does the BIOS setup look like? The Video ROM BIOS shadow function Disable unneeded options BIOS parameters related to memory Burst access Wait states Refresh What is the BIOS? The BIOS... Read more
The Concept of an Expression Expressions allow the spreadsheets to perform simple calculations using values from many cells. There are generally many types of expressions: Arithmetic expressions Conditional expressions Text expressions... Read more
vector images and bitmap images There are two main categories of images: bitmap images (also called raster images): these are pixeled images, i.e. a set of points (pixels) contained in a table, each of these points having one or more... Read more
Introduction to the Klez virus Appearing early in 2002, the Klez virus is still everywhere on networks, and the danger it poses is even higher due to the new variations that keep cropping up (like Klez.e, Klez.g, Klez.h, Klez.i, Klez.k,... Read more
