Aging Occurs in Two Waves: Scientists Discover When They Arrive

In a seven-year experiment, scientists identified the key periods in life when we should focus on our health and adopt a more sustainable lifestyle.

While much of how old we appear depends on our lifestyle choices, aging is a continuous process that affects our cells every moment. We often notice more pronounced changes in aging at certain times. Scientists now have a clearer understanding of the main stages of aging in the human body. This knowledge is crucial because, at specific ages, we need to be particularly mindful of our health and take better care of ourselves.

A recent study conducted by scientists at Stanford University has revealed that the two primary "waves" of aging occur around the ages of 44 and 60. This finding may explain why these ages are often associated with a sharp increase in health issues such as cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal problems, and other ailments.

According to the British newspaper The Guardian, the study involved 108 volunteers aged between 25 and 75. Over several months, these participants provided blood and stool samples, as well as swabs from their skin, mouth, and nose. The samples were analyzed at a molecular level, and some participants provided readings over several years. The researchers compiled data on 135,000 different molecules (including RNA and proteins) and microbes (bacteria, viruses, and fungi found in the gut and on the skin) from individuals of various ages. The analysis revealed that most of these molecules and microbes did not change in a gradual or chronological manner. Instead, significant changes were observed at specific ages.

For the first wave of changes, occurring around age 44, researchers noted significant shifts in molecules related to cardiovascular health, skin, muscle function, and the metabolism of caffeine, alcohol, and lipids. The second wave, around age 60, affected carbohydrate metabolism, immune regulation, and kidney function. "We don't just change gradually over time. There are indeed dramatic changes," said Professor Michael Snyder, a geneticist and professor at Stanford University.

The pronounced changes observed in the molecules of individuals in their mid-40s were unexpected. Initially, researchers suspected a possible error, thinking these changes might be related to women in the perimenopausal period. However, the data confirmed that similar changes also occur in men at age 44.

"This suggests that while menopause or perimenopause may contribute to the changes observed in women in their 40s, there are likely other significant factors influencing these changes in both men and women," said Dr. Xiaotao Shen, one of the study's authors.