Numerous applications run in a client/server environment, this means that client computers
(computers forming part of the network) contact a server, generally a
very powerful computer in terms of input/output, which provides services to the client computers. These services are
programmes which provide data such as the time, files, a connection, etc.
The services are used by programs client programs which run on client computers. This is why the term "client" is applied (FTP client,
email client, etc.), where a program is designed to run on a
client computer, capable of processing data received from a server (in the case of the FTP client we are dealing with
files whereas for the email client we deal with email email).
Advantages of Client/Server Architecture
The client/server model is particularly recommended for networks requiring a high degree of
reliability, the main advantages being:
centralised resources: given that the server is the centre of the network, it can manage resources that
are common to all users, for example: a central database would be used to avoid problems caused by redundant and
inconsistent data
improved security: as the number of entry points giving access to data is not so important
server level administration: as clients do not play a major role in this model, they require less
administration
scalable network: thanks to this architecture it is possible to remove or add clients without affecting
the operation of the network and without the need for major modification
Disadvantages of the client/server model
Client/Server architecture also has the following drawbacks:
increased cost: due to the technical complexity of the server
a weak link: the server is the only weak ling in the client/server network, given that the entire network
is built around it! Fortunately, the server is highly fault tolerant (primarily thanks to the
RAID system)
Client/Server system operation
A client/server system operates as outlined in the following diagram:
The client sends a request to the server using its IP address and
the port, which is reserved for a particular service running on the server.
The server receives the request and responds using the client IP address and port
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