The latest columns by Elena Keracheva

  • All about digital data transmission: types of encoding

    Digital transmission is the sending of information over physical communication media in the form of digital signals. Analog signals must therefore be digitized first before being transmitted. The present article discusses in detail the different types of encoding.

  • What are the public WiFi risks?

    Today, there are more than ever digital professions, which has made having a good Internet connection a necessity. Moreover, even people whose work is not strongly related to the Web, need it on an everyday basis to check their emails or participate in online courses. However, it is also well known that there are public wifi risks but in fact, this is not the only risk factor when it comes to security. This article discusses in detail the risks related to WIFI.

  • What is a replay attack and how to protect yourself from it?

    What is a replay attack? A replay attack is a network, a "Man-in-the-middle" attack that involves intercepting data packets and replaying them. This means resending them as is (with no decryption) to the receiving server. Another common name for this kind of attack is playback attack

  • What is a client/server environment: definition, example

    What is a client-server environment? Numerous applications run in a client-server architecture. This means that client computers (computers forming part of the network) contact a server that provides services to the client computers. These services are programs that provide data such as time, files, connection, etc.

  • What is a motherboard: definition, sizes, components

    What is and what does a motherboard do? The primary component of a computer is the motherboard (sometimes called the mainboard). The motherboard is the hub that is used to connect all of the computer's essential components. As its name suggests, the motherboard acts as a parent board, which takes the form of a large printed circuit with connectors for expansion cards, memory modules, the processor, etc.

  • All about DB25 connector: pins, male, female

    The DB25 (originally DE-25) connector is an analog 25-pin plug of the D-Subminiature connector family (D-Sub or Sub-D). The DB25 connector is mainly used for serial connections, allowing for asynchronous data transmission as provided by standard RS-232 (RS-232C). It is also used for parallel port connections and was used to connect printers, that's why it's also known as a printer port (LPT). DB25 serial ports on computers have male connectors, while parallel port connectors are DB25 female.

  • What is ASCII: chart, code, characters

    Computer memory saves all data in digital form. There is no way to store characters directly. Each character has its digital code equivalent: ASCII code (for American Standard Code for Information Interchange). Basic ASCII code represented characters as 7 bits (for 128 possible characters, numbered from 0 to 127). In the 1960s, the ASCII code was adopted as the new standard. With it, characters can be coded using 8 bits for 256 possible characters.

  • All about binary encoding: definition, decoder, encoder

    In the late 1930s, Claude Shannon showed that by using switches that close for "true" and open for "false," it was possible to carry out logical operations by assigning the number 1 to "true" and 0 for "false." This information encoding system is called binary. It's the form of encoding that allows computers to run. Binary uses two states (represented by the digits 0 and 1) to encode information. This article discusses binary data encoding. You can find a binary decoder and encoder online.

  • What is 3-tier client/server architecture: example, diagram

    In client/server systems, there are several types of configurations. This article will get into detail of the client server architecture and more precisely, 2-tier architecture and 3-tier architecture. We also explain the differences and the similarities of the two systems.

  • What is an FTP protocol: definition, commands

    What is FTP Protocol? FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is, as its name indicates, a protocol for transferring files. The implementation of FTP dates from 1971, when a file transfer system (described in RFC141) between MIT machines (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) was developed. Many RFCs have since improved the basic protocol, but the greatest innovations date from July 1973. The FTP protocol is currently defined by RFC 959.